Role of Leaders In Commanding Good, Forbidding Evil
Role of Leaders In Commanding Good, Forbidding Evil
M. Bakri Musa
Excerpted from my Qur’an, Hadith, And Hikayat: Exercises In Critical Thinking (2021)
October 25, 2026
Consider the fundamental dynamics between leaders and followers. Leaders—at least in a functional democracy—reflect and are chosen by their followers. As such, citizens cannot absolve themselves of moral responsibility simply by scapegoating those at the top.
Some take the famous hadith on “using your hand to combat evil” far too literally. Witness the tragic fates of Egypt’s Anwar Sadat and South Korea’s General Park Chung-hee. In a modern democracy, one need not resort to such violence. We can use our hands far more effectively to stop bad leaders simply by marking an “X” on the ballot paper. It was precisely this mechanism that dislodged Najib Razak’s entrenched, corrupt coalition in Malaysia’s 2018 election and ousted the divisive, incompetent Donald Trump in the 2020 American presidential race.
Yet, the single most effective way to deal with evil leaders is to prevent them from gaining power in the first place—sparing society the ensuing devastation. “Stopping” implies a post-hoc reaction: acting after someone has already assumed power and proven themselves corrupt and destructive. Prevention, by contrast, stops the rot before it sets in. The leadership of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) succeeded precisely because he led through personal example—a proactive, preventive moral standard rather than mere reactive force.
Nor are we resigned to resisting evil solely within our hearts. While silent disapproval may act as a soothing salve to an individual’s conscience, it offers no tangible relief to victims. Even when we lack the physical power of the “hand” or the rhetorical reach of the “tongue,” we can still act in many practical ways to minimize harm. While we could not single-handedly stop the ethnic cleansing in the Balkans, we could mitigate its horrors by opening our arms to absorb refugees and using our collective voices to demand global sanctions against the Serbian regime. Today, that same moral imperative applies to the ongoing atrocities in Myanmar and Palestine.
Take another contemporary crisis: out-of-wedlock infants. In Malaysia, terrified young mothers abandon newborn babies in public toilets and garbage dumpsters. Meanwhile, a punitive state treats these tormented women as criminals, subjecting them to fire-and-brimstone lectures about eternal damnation. Contrast this with America’s Safe Haven Laws.There, a mother can surrender her infant at a hospital, churh, or fire station, confident that the child will be cared for and placed with an adoptive family. She faces no prosecution or public humiliation; instead, she is offered medical care and counseling.
As a mental exercise, where do we place initiatives like Safe Haven laws, harm-reduction programs, or drug decriminalization on the Prophet’s classic “hand-tongue-heart” spectrum of forbidding evil?
At both individual and societal levels, we must recognize that rashly intervening to stop one bad deed can inadvertently trigger a far greater catastrophe. Islamic tradition recalls an illuminated example: an Imam encountered a group of drunks but refrained from either physically stopping them (the hand) or scolding them (the tongue). He wisely observed that it was far better for those men to remain intoxicated; had they sobered up, they could have embarked on a rampage, plundering property, and endangering innocent lives. Sometimes we must tolerate lesser infractions, recognizing them as essential safety valves designed to vent dangerous pressure. Sealing those valves entirely risks a catastrophic explosion.
Wildland firefighters understand this principle intimately and exploit it through controlled burning. They deliberately start a backfire, calculating that it will consume the available fuel and shift the wind, ultimately deflecting the main wildfire away from homes and vital infrastructures.
Never underestimate the power of the tongue over the physical hand in dismantling systemic evil. Ayatollah Khomeini’s sermons brought down the formidable Shah of Shahs and his sprawling military apparatus. Khomeini accomplished this without lifting a weapon, raising his arm only to conclude his prayers with “Ameen!” His inspiring words—recorded on cassette tapes and smuggled across borders—proved far more potent than the Shah’s tanks and secret police.
This “hand” metaphor of the hadith need not denote physical force or armed rebellion. Writers have reshaped the arc of history through the quiet dexterity of their pens and the eloquence of their prose. Likewise, Zunar and Fahmi Reza—Malaysia’s celebrated political cartoonists—regularly induce acute dyspepsia among the ruling elite. Both accomplish this monumental task entirely with their hands.
Next: Next: Rewarding Those “Doing Good”
