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M. Bakri Musa

Seeing Malaysia My Way

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Name:
Location: Morgan Hill, California, United States

Malaysian-born Bakri Musa writes frequently on issues affecting his native land. His essays have appeared in the Far Eastern Economic Review, Asiaweek, International Herald Tribune, Education Quarterly, SIngapore's Straits Times, and The New Straits Times. His commentary has aired on National Public Radio's Marketplace. His regular column Seeing It My Way appears in Malaysiakini. Bakri is also a regular contributor to th eSun (Malaysia). He has previously written "The Malay Dilemma Revisited: Race Dynamics in Modern Malaysia" as well as "Malaysia in the Era of Globalization," "An Education System Worthy of Malaysia," "Seeing Malaysia My Way," and "With Love, From Malaysia." Bakri's day job (and frequently night time too!) is as a surgeon in private practice in Silicon Valley, California. He and his wife Karen live on a ranch in Morgan Hill. This website is updated twice a week on Sundays and Wednesdays at 5 PM California time.

Sunday, September 28, 2025

Lack Of Critical Thinking Could Kill You

 Lack of Critical Thinking Could Kill You

 

Excerpt #24 from my book:  Qur’an, Hadith, and Hikayat:  Exercises In Critical Thinking.

September 28, 2025 

 

Failure to think could end up literally killing you as well as your loved ones. This is more so when it comes to matters of faith.

 

         In 1978, a white Californian pastor led his congregation of hundreds to his paradise in the jungle at Jonestown in tropical Guyana. Prior to that he was a celebrated Church man praised by the luminaries of California. Jim Jones embodied modern California with his rainbow family of adopted children from various races and his equally diverse followers. In part from the widespread adulation, it did not take him long to have a cult following. It also did not take him long, like other leaders with unquestioning loyal followers, to abuse that trust.

 

         Responding to queries from concerned family members of Jim Jones’ followers, the Congressman from his California district, Leo Ryan, came to investigate Jonestown. On that fateful trip Ryan and his entourage were ambushed by Jones’ followers, with Ryan and a few members of his team killed. Later the whole colony of hundreds, on instructions from Jones, committed mass suicide by drinking cyanide-laced Kool-Aid. The images of that gruesome tragedy were broadcasted worldwide. Today “drinking their Kool-Aid” is a cruel metaphor for obedient followers blindly following their leaders’ commands.

 

         Malaysia too has its share of cult groups. One was Al Ma’una. At its height it claimed a following of several thousands. In 2000 they disguised themselves as members of the Malaysian Armed Forces with their leaders appropriately donned in imposing officers’ attire enabling them to enter a large army base on the pretext of an “official inspection.” The guards let them in and the intruders began inspecting the arms depot.

 

         As expected, they found many “substandard” weapons which they hauled away. A few days later they overran the base using those very same weapons, killing many soldiers.

 

         That tragedy could have been prevented had the guards not been gullible and exercised their critical thinking skills. Those guards suspended elementary precautions, overwhelmed by the “officers” commanding demeanor and their bedecked crisp uniforms.

 

         That tragedy was as much a tribute to the skills and imaginations of the Al Ma’una members as well as the stupidity and lack of discipline of members of the Malaysian Armed Forces. To be noted, those traits are not unique to the military.  

 

         Fast forward to 2021, there was former Prime Minister Najib Razak being convicted for swindling billions from the government-linked company, One Malaysia Berhad (1MDB). During the lengthy trials there were repeated testimonies from the company’s senior officers of them never questioning their superior – Najib.

 

         One of them sported a Stanford degree, proving that having superior education does not guarantee one to have critical thinking skills. The government’s top civil servant at that time, Sidek Hassan, no product of an elite university, admitted in court that he was paid a very generous extra allowance, far exceeding his official salary, to be on the board of 1MDB and, in his own words, “do nothing!” That was Najib’s Kool Aid for Sidek and the others.

 

         Sidek’s immediate successor, Ali Hamsa, was no better. He ordered damning copies of the company’s audit committee report critical of management to be destroyed and replaced by a sanitized version. Unlike Sidek, Ali was not highly compensated but was satisfied with a Tan Sri; his Kool Aid.   

 

         The list of those who drank Najib’s Kool Aid with respect to 1MDB goes far beyond, to snag some previously-thought illustrious names. In 2016, then Auditor General, one Tan Sri (again note the exalted civil title) Amrin Buang, a man presumed to have unquestioned integrity and impeccable qualifications, agreed to the destruction of that audit report. 

 

         It was fortunate that Malaysia still had a few brave unsung heroes, individuals of steely resolve and unquestioned integrity whose critical thinking abilities were not marred nor blunted by titles or money.  One was Nor Salwani. She had the courage and smartness to have kept the original damning 1MDB Audit Report which she then passed on to Amrin Buang’s successor. She remains the few unsung heroes responsible for the ultimate incarceration of that national crook, Najib Razak. No Tan Sri honorifics for her for sure, but Allah is All-Knowing.

 

         Najib’s Kool Aid did not kill those who took it. The grim punishments were instead transferred and imposed onto innocent others. Thousands died because Malaysian healthcare was sorely underfunded because of funds siphoned by Najib as well as to pay the subsequent humongous debts he imposed upon the nation.

 

         This blight of lack of critical thinking is not unique to Malaysians. Up until December 2008, many otherwise smart savvy Americans otherwise hard-nosed and with sharp minds were hoodwinked by the legendary Wall Street operator Bernie Madoff. The Kool-Aid Madoff dispensed on his clients was the spectacular returns of their “investments.” His clients’ critical thinking was blunted by the steady flow of money, that is, until that was stopped by Federal Authorities in what was later proven to be nothing more than a massive elaborate Ponzi scheme. Those “investment returns” were nothing more than new money put in by other equally greedy and non-questioning investors.

 

Next:  Excerpt #25:  The Tyranny of Conformity 

 

Wednesday, September 24, 2025

Penyelewangan Agama Oleh Kaum Islamis

 Penyelewengan Agama Oleh Kaum Islamis 

M. Bakri Musa
Petikan #23: daripada Qur’an, Hadith, dan Hikayat Saya: Latihan Dalam Pemikiran Kritis

24 September 2025

Walau pun semangat kebangsaan kaum ulama terdahulu amat tinggi, tetapi mereka yang berjaya membawa kemerdekaan kepada negara adalah tokoh sekular seperti Tengku Abdul Rahman dan Razak Hussein. Yakni mereka yang terdidik di bawah sistem British. Mereka berjaya mendedahkan kepada kaum penjajah kekosongan dan kehampaan idealisme kemanusiaan British. Degan itu Malaysia berjaya mencapai kemerdekaan melalui rundingan dan tanpa pertumpahan darah, satu pencapaian yang amat jarang berlaku dan wajar diraikan.

Pemimpin seperti Tengku dan Razak bersifat sangat berlawanan dengan apa yang digambarkan oleh sejarawan British, Patricia Crone, sebagai sindrom “pribumi terakulturasi,” yakni mereka yang memberontak, merujuk kepada anak imigran kelahiran British yang menjadi jihadis radikal. Tengku dan Razak juga pribumi terakulturasi tetapi sebaliknya mereka cemerlang! Mereka tahu cara untuk berunding dengan British kerana terlatih oleh mereka.

Kaum ulama dan nasionalis sangat terhalang kerana pertama, mereka tidak mengenali dan memahami musuh yang di hadapi. Lebih teruk lagi mereka tidak sedar akan keterbatasan dan kelemahan diri mereka. Ilmu rohani mereka tidak berguna untetuk menentang British. Kekangan bahasa pula menambah lagi kelemahan mereka.

Menurut Sun Tzu, jika kamu kenali dirimu serta musuhmu dengan baik, jangan gentar, kamu akan menang. Tetapi jika hanya kenal hanya dirimu sahaja tetapi tidak tahu langsung berkenaan musuh kamu, maka setiap kemenangan akan diiringi dengan kekalahan. Yang amat teruk lagu ialah apabila kamu tidak mengenali kelemahan diri sendiri. Kaum ulama nasionalis dahuu termasuk dalam golongan ketiga ini.

Malaysia bernasib baik kerana dipimpin pada awalnya oleh tokoh yang telah menyerap cara serta nilai Barat dan berpegang pada demokrasi serta kapitalisme. Itu seharusnya membawa Malaysia dan orang Melayu pada landasan pembangunan dengan turut menyerap kaedah saintifik serta pandangan dunia kapitalis, sambil tetap berakar kukuh dalam kepercayaan serta tradisi Islam kita.

Namun malangnya itu tidak berlaku. Tanpa pengaruh British, kita kehilangan idealisme yang dulunya membawa Malaysia ke arah kebebasan dan merdeka. Tetapi sejak 1980-an dan di bawah pimpinan Perdana Menteri Mahathir, Malaysia menukar arah kiblatnya.

Walaupun kezaliman Jepun semasa Pendudukan dan kenangan ngeri itu masih segar, “Pandang ke Timur” menjadi slogan baru negara. Seiring dengan itu, orang Melayu terpesona dengan versi “moden” Islam yang tanpa malu atau segan dieksploitasi untuk tujuan politik, bukannya untuk membebaskan ummah seperti yang dilakukan Rasulullah.

Bagi kaum Islamis semasa, Islam kurang di anggap sebagai agama, lebih kepada senjata ampuh untuk mengejar kuasa politik. Malah kuasa itu tidak digunakan untuk memperbaiki keadaan ummah. Hubungan songsang antara pemimpin dan ulama inilah yang menjadi racun ummah semasa di dunia Islam, termasuk Malaysia. Ulama silam sangat menyedari bahaya ini. Renungkan ungkapan bahawa syurga penuh dengan ahli pemerintah yang bersama dengan ulama, manakala neraka pula penuh dengan ulama yang bersekongkol dan bersuhabat dengan pemerintah. Peruntukan mewah JAKIM hanyalah untuk memikat, kalaupun tidak menyuap, golongan Islamis demi mendapatkan sokongan mereka.

Bagi kaum ulama semasa, segalanya termasuk pengayaan dan pembesaran diri menjadi halal atas nama Allah, jika tidak dikira terus sebagai berkat daripada-Nya. Maka lahirlah kebobrokan seperti bekas Perdana Menteri Najib Razak yang disabitkan mencuri 1MDB tetapi masih dipuja dengan gelaran “Malu Apa Bossku?” Beliau berjaya memperdayakan orang Melayu dengan helah bahawa wang itu datang daripada seorang putera Saudi, dan oleh sebab itu halal.

Rasuah yang sekarang bermaharajalela dan berakar dalam inilah yang merosakkan agama dan Masyarakat kita. Golongan Islamis menyusup masuk dan menegaskan pengaruh mereka di semua peringkat kerajaan dan lebih luas lagi. Sasaran utama dan paling berharga, serta paling membawa kesan, adalah sistem pendidikan negara. Bersama dengan kegilaan “Islamisasi Ilmu” yang masih berterusan, sekolah dan universiti merosot menjadi pusat indoktrinasi, bukannya tempat pembelajaran. Dengan itu, sebarang sisa pemikiran kritis dan keaslian intelektual lenyap.

“Siapa kita, manusia kerdil hari ini, untuk mencabar tokoh agung silam?” demikianlah sikap kaum Islamis semasa. Itu seumpama saintis hari ini berpuas hati dengan fizik Newton, ilmu genetik moden dengan eksperimen kacang pis rahib Agustin Gregor Mendel, dan inti neuropsikologi yang hanya bergantung pada Freud.

Kegilaan semasa untuk kononnya mengIslamkan ilmu melangkau lebih jauh. Ahli akademik di Universiti Islam Antarabangsa (UIA) terpaksa menjawab soalan peribadi yang mengganggu seperti, “Apa pandangan anda tentang Syiah?” Lebih buruk lagi, kitab Syiah di perpustakaan di kunci. Jika anda bertanya, anda akan dilaporkan kepada pegawai pentadbir.

Bagaimana agaknya perasaan pensyarah yang bukan Islam, jika ada. Bayangkan Universiti Georgetown atau Notre Dame mengajukan soalan mengganggu serupa kepada kakitangan mereka yang bukan Katolik! Bahkan kedua universiti Amerika terkemuka itu mempunyai Jabatan Pengajan Islam!

Ini menguatkan lagi hakikat bahawa Islam sebagaimana yang kini di ajar dan sebarkan adalah penghalang terutama dan terbesar kepada pemikiran kritis, dan dengan itu kemajuan masyarakat Islam. Yang peliknya Qur’an dan hadith menganjurkan serta mengandungi beberapa latihan pemikiran kritis yang terbaik.

Minggu Depan:  Petikan 24:  Tanpa Berfikir Dengan Kritis Mungkin Membawa Maut  

 

Sunday, September 21, 2025

The Islamists' Perversion Of Our Great Faith

The Islamists’ Perversion Of Our Great Faith 

M. Bakri Musa 

Excerpt #23:  from my Qur’an, Hadith, And Hikayat:  Exercises In Critical Thinking

 

Sept 21, 2023

Those earlier ulama’s nationalistic zeal notwithstanding, it was leaders like the British-trained Tengku Abdul Rahman and Razak Hussein who successfully led Malaysia’s independence. The pair exposed colonialism for what it was, a stain on as well as a reflection of the hollowness of British humanistic ideals. Thus, Malaysia achieved her independence through negotiations and without shedding any blood, an achievement sufficiently rare and worthy of celebration. 

 

            The pair was the very opposite of what British historian Patricia Crone described as the syndrome of the acculturated nativists who rebelled, referring to today’s British-born sons of immigrants who became radical jihadists. Tengku and Razak were also acculturated nativists but they excelled! They knew how to negotiate with the British, having been trained by them. 

 

            The ulama-nationalists were severely handicapped in first not knowing the enemy. More crippling, they did not recognize their limitations. Their spiritual knowledge was useless against the British. Their language handicap compounded that deficit. 

 

            As per Sun Tzu, know yourself and your enemy well, fear not, you will prevail. Know only yourself but not the enemy, then every victory would be followed by a defeat. Not knowing yourself as well as the enemy would be fatal. Those nationalists ulama were in this last category. 

 

            Malaysia was fortunate to have been led in the early years by leaders who had absorbed the ways of the West and were committed to democracy as well as capitalism. That should have propelled Malaysia and Malays on a trajectory of development with the concomitant absorption of the scientific methods and capitalistic worldview while remaining deeply rooted in our Islamic beliefs and traditions. 

 

            Alas that was not to be. Left to our own devices and away from British influence, we lost those ideals that had once led Malaysia to her freedom. Since the 1980s under Prime Minister Mahathir, Malaysia changed her qiblat, as we Muslims put it. 

 

            Despite the brutalities of Japanese Occupation and those horrific memories still fresh, “Look East” became the new mantra. In tandem with that, Malays became swayed by the “modern” version of Islam where it would without shame or apology be exploited to further one’s political ends instead of using it to emancipate the ummah, as the Prophet did.

 

To today’s Islamists, Islam is less a faith, more potent weapon to be exploited in the pursuit of power. Nor is that power leveraged to better the ummah. This incestuous relationship between leaders and ulama is the bane of the ummah today, Malaysia included. Ancient scholars were very much aware of this danger; hence the expression heaven is full of rulers who befriended scholars, hell with scholars who had consorted with rulers. JAKIM’s generous allocations are but to coopt if not bribe the Islamists in return for their support.

 

To contemporary ulama, everything including their enrichment and aggrandizement became legitimate in the name of Allah, if not outright borkat (bounty) from Him. Thus, the obscenity of former Prime Minister Najib Razak, convicted of robbing 1MDB, being adoringly referred to as “Malu Apa Bossku?” (What is there to be ashamed about my boss?). He successfully convinced Malays with the ruse that the bounty came from a Saudi prince, and thus halal.  

 

            This massive and endemic corruption plagues the faith. These Islamists insert and assert themselves at all levels of government and beyond. Their most visible and prized target, as well as most consequential, is the nation’s education system. This together with their still raging “Islamization of Knowledge” fad resulted in schools and universities degenerating into centers for indoctrination instead of learning. With that, any semblance of critical thinking and original thought evaporated. 

 

            Who are we, today’s mere mortals, to challenge those ancient luminaries, these Islamists rationalized. That would be the equivalent of today’s scientists being satisfied with Newtonian physics, modern genetics on the Augustin friar Gregor Mendel’s peapod experiments, and neuropsychology being beholden to Freud. 

 

            This Islamization frenzy goes further. Academics at the International Islamic University’s (IIU) are quizzed with such intrusive questions as, “What do you think of the Shi’as?” Worse, Shi’ite literature there is kept under lock and key in the library. Should you inquire, you would be reported.

 

            I wonder how the few (if any) non-Muslim professors feel. Imagine Georgetown or Notre Dame University posing similar intrusive enquiries of their non-Catholic staff! 

 

            This reinforces the point that the Islam as currently propagated is the greatest obstacle to critical thinking and thus progress. This need not be as the Qur’an and hadith encourage and contain some of the best exercises in critical thinking. 

  

Wednesday, September 17, 2025

Cara Ajaran Agama Semasa Penghalang Terutama Terhadap Pemikiran Kritis

 Cara Ajaran Agama Semasa Penghalang Terutama Terhadap Pemikiran Kritis

Sunday, September 14, 2025

The Formidable Barrier of Dogmatic Religion On Critical Thinking

 The Formidable Barrier Of Dogmatic Religion On Critical Thinking 

M. Bakri Musa 

Excerpt #22:  from my Qur’an, Hadith, And Hikayat:  Exercises In Critical Thinking

 

September 14, 2025 

Islam as it is being currently taught, practiced, and propagated in many Muslims countries, Malaysia included, is the greatest barrier to critical thinking. That statement is not meant to shock but merely to state the reality. 

 

            Islam today is less a guide on how to lead a life that would please Allah, more rigid dogmas and mindless rituals. Muslims look longingly to our past glorious Golden Age but fail to learn what made it great, or even more important, why it was eclipsed by Western Europe. 

 

            Luminaries during the Golden Age of Islam were noted for their heightened level of critical thinking. They also willingly learned from those who were far more advanced even if they were to be atheists, as those ancient Greeks were. 

 

            Living in the West I am spared the suffocating version of my faith. I am also the beneficiary of the thoughts of modern Muslim scholars who thrive in the freedom they enjoy here. The leading centers for Islamic Studies today are in the West. Then consider Muhammad Asad’s epigraph to his monumental The Message Of The Qur’an, “For People Who Think.” 

 

            The Qur’an is replete with such words as “ponder,” “reflect,” “think,” and “observe.” It is a sad commentary that today our Qur’an has been reduced to an amulet or magic text. Reciting it is akin to uttering “abracadabra.” All your ills would magically be cured, your experiments successful, and you would pass your examinations. 

 

            Our faith has been corrupted and used to coerce and bludgeon its followers. Disrespect your ulama, teachers, and leaders, and Hell awaits you, even if those leaders are corrupt and tyrants, or the ulama in cahoots with them. To use contemporary terminology, Islam has been weaponized to control the ummah.  

 

            People everywhere and throughout history have been swayed more by emotions than reason. In the East there was the mass madness of Mao’s Cultural Revolution; the West, Europe’s fascism in the early 20th Century. That may yet reappear. 

 

            When Islam entered the Malay world centuries ago, it was a transformative event. Our ancestors grasped the evident superiority of this new belief and embraced it with unrestrained enthusiasm. At the practical level Islam brought with it the written word to our hitherto oral-only culture. Anytime that happens, there would be a quantum leap in advancement and an almost limitless expansion of that culture’s intellectual horizon. 

 

            It was with Malays. Our ancestors translated and rendered our own tafsirs (commentaries) on the Holy Book and other ancient texts. As impressive and praiseworthy as their efforts were, nonetheless our forefathers missed something major. They did not translate nor absorb the rich, varied, and voluminous non-theological treatises of early Muslims, as with their scientific and mathematical texts or exotic travelogues and philosophical discourses. Nor did our forefathers emulate earlier Muslims’ trading prowess. Nonetheless once the Malay intellectual gate was opened with the introduction of the written word, there was no turning back. Islam emancipated both Malay civilization and the individual Malay mind. 

 

            That trajectory was rudely interrupted by Western colonialism that humiliated the Malay world as colonialism did everywhere. While the colonials also brought in their trading practices (capitalism) and scientific worldview, neither resonated with Malays. 

 

            That is a general statement. Though our ancestors still viewed colonialism as reprehensible and a frontal assault on our Islamic values, nonetheless there were a few like Munshi Abdullah who saw some good amidst the general evil. There was a thing or two that we could learn from a culture that could make steel float, Abdullah enthused after visiting the British warship SS Sertoris anchored off Singapore.  

 

            With the rise of nationalism and the concomitant decline of colonialism, it was those few well-trained savvy Malays like the country’s first Prime Minister Tengku Abdul Rahman, men who understood the ways of the British, who persuaded them to grant Malaysia her independence. They convinced the British that such an act was in consonance with British ideals and values. 

 

            There are contrarian and less charitable views on those natives who had absorbed the ways of the West, dismissing them as “captive minds” incapable of overcoming Western influence and thus could not think of solutions unique to the East. The irony is that many of those critics themselves had been nurtured in leading Western academic institutions. 

 

            Like others, Malays had little desire to be colonized. The seeds of Malay nationalism were triggered with the arrival of Western colonialism. With the Malay mind opened through Islam, in particular its esteemed egalitarian principles, Malays did not take kindly to being oppressed by others. It was not a surprise nor an accident that those early Malay nationalists came from the ulama class. They, through their sermons, were the first to dream of an independent Malaysia and to ignite the fire of freedom among the masses. 

 

Next:  Excerpt #23:  Current Islamists’ Perversion Of Our Great Faith 

 

Wednesday, September 10, 2025

Hari Buroh Dan Menghormati Pekerja Dan Kerja Mereka

 Hari Buroh Dan Menghormati Pekerja Serta Kerja Mereka

10 September 2025

Isnin pertama bulan September ialah cuti umum di Amerika, Hari Buroh. Itu menghormati pekerja dan kerja mereka. Dalam khutbahnya pada Jumaat sebelum Hari Buruh 2025, Imam Ilyas kami mengingatkan tentang nilai utama agama kita. Salah satunya ialah menghormati pekerja dan menghargai kerja mereka. Imam kami memetik hadis “Membayar upah pekerja sebelum peluh di dahinya kering.”

Imam kami menerangkan lebih lanjut. Jika seorang pekerja itu melakukan kerja bernilai seratus ringgit, bayarlah dia sebanyak itu dan tidak satu sen pun kurang meskipun ia seorang pendatang haram. Di Malaysia itu bermakna pekerja Bangla atau pembantu rumah Indon.

Walau pun Amerika menghormati pekerja, tetapi sistem kewangan awam di sini berasaskan cukai pendapatan, yakni akibat buruh. Cukai itu juga progresif. Yakni kadarnya meningkat dengan pendapatan yang tinggi. Sebaliknya “cukai” dalam Islam, yakni zakat, adalah atas aset atau harta dan dengan kadar rendah serta rata, yakni 2.5 peratus. Beban zakat lebih berat kepada pemilik harta (maksudnya orang kaya) dan kurang kepada pendapatan, yakni atas pekerja.

Penghormatan terhadap kerja dan pekerja panjang riwayatnya dalam Islam. Satu cerita lama dalam tradisi Sufi ialah seorang ulama terkenal yang sering ke masjidnya pada awal pagi untuk mencuci tandas. Beliau memilih waktu itu supaya tidak dilihat oleh orang ramai. Kisah itu mencerminkan kemuliaan kerja sehingga seorang ulama terkenal pun tidak menganggapnya rendah untuk melakukan tugas yang pada pandangan ramai amat remeh.

Walaupun saya menghormati intipati cerita itu, kepada saya cerita itu memberi ajaran yang berbeza. Mungkin Imam itu belum mendapat cara yang sopan, berkesan, atau tidak menyinggung untuk menyuruh jemaahnya membersihkan sisa mereka sendiri! Perhatikan yang ramai melakukan solat tahajud jauh di tengah malam. Berapa ramai yang tinggal kemudian untuk membersihkan masjid? Begitu juga mereka yang solat fajar. Mereka bangun pagi tetapi membazirkan peluang untuk memulakan hari mereka lebih awal. Kebanyakan mereka balik tidur, menysesiakan peluang berharga.

Berbalik ke buruh, pada satu ketika seorang imam disini mengingatkan muridnya bahawa walau pun dia menghargai kehadiran dan ketekunan mereka, orang yang mengutip sampah pada awal pagi sebenarnya melakukan lebih banyak kebaikan kepada masyarakat, dan dengan itu berkhidmat kepada Tuhan. Atau lebih banyak pahalanya. Itu adalah satu pandangan yang tepat dan juga mencerminkan kerendahan hati si Imam dengan mengakui nilai sumbangannya di dalam skema besar kehidupan!

Itu juga mencerminkan satu sikap rendah hati yang amat berbeza bila dibandingkan dengan keangkuhan ulama YouTube Melayu yang tanpa habis mengulangi isi teks usang mereka.

Saya pernah menghadiri perkelahan di sebuah taman awam di Amerika bersama pelajar Melayu disini. Seorang pelajar bertanya mengapa mereka dengan tekun mengutip sampah dan membuangkannya ke dalam tong. Sedangkan balik di Malaysia mereka akan membuang sampah merata dan sesuka hati.

Selepas memuji pemerhatiannya pelajar itu, saya terus bertanya sama ada dia menyedari sesuatu yang luar biasa tentang tong sampah di sini. Yakni semuanya telah dibersihkan dan di kosongkan secara berkala pada awal pagi sebelum perkelahan itu. Bandingkan di Malaysia di mana tong sampah jarang di bersihkan. Walau pun sampah di pungut, ada sisa-sisa yang bertebaran di sekelilingnya seumpama mengiklankan, “Silakan lempar sampah di sini!”

Rakyat Malaysia tidak menghormati pengutip sampah atau kerja yang mereka lakukan. Itu tercermin dengan gaji mereka yang rendah. 

Ahli psikologi sosial merujuk kepada pentingnya peranan alam sekitar atas sikap dan tingkah laku seseorang. Anda mungkin tidak berani atau berasa segan masuk lobi hotel lima bintang dengan kaki ayam dan memakai baju singlit seperti apik walaupun tiada papan tanda kod pakaian khusus. Semasa melakukan umrahnya baru-baru ini, Imam kami terkejut apabila para penumpang, semuanya dari Amerika, mula berdiri dan membuka ruang bagasi di atas sebaik sahaja pesawat mendarat, meskipun kru kabin berulang kali mengingatkan mereka untuk kekal duduk demi keselamatan. Di Amerika penumpang tersebut akan kekal duduk dan memakai tali keledar sehingga pesawat berhenti sepenuhnya dan lampu isyarat tali keledar dipadamkan.

Kembali kepada pengaruh persekitaran, kedai 7-Eleven di sini memainkan muzik Mozart supaya kaum remaja tidak melepak di premis mereka. Bertahun lalu hospital kami disini mengalami kemorosotan pendapatan akibat ramainya pesakit yang miskin. Saya secara jenaka mencadangkan meniru 7-Eleven dengan memainkan muzik klasik di lobi hospital dan di bilik kecemasan, atau memberi pengawal keselamatan pakaian seragam dengan pegawai ICE (Immigration Control and Enforcement).

Dalam sains social ada juga satu konsep yang seumpama, yakni “sindrom tingkap pecah” atau “broken window syndrome.” Apabila tanda kecil kerosakan dan kelalain, sama ada fizikal seperti tingkap yang pecah yang tidak di baikki, atau sosial, seperti sampah yang tidak di kutip, itu akan menggalakkan pelanggaran atau keburukkan lain yang lebih teruk berlaku.

Kembali kepada membayar pekerja “sebelum peluh di dahinya kering,” jelas bahawa jika itu diikuti, kos pentadbirannya akan meninggkat. Oleh sebab itu gaji sekarang dibayar setiap dua minggu atau bulan. Namun prinsip asasnya tetap:  hormati pekerja dan kerja mereka dengan memberi pampasan yang adil, tidak kira jika mereka berunion atau tidak.

Walau pun Hari Buruh diiktiraf di Amerika, tetapi sistem cukai disini tidak mencerminkan itu. Pendapatan yang diperoleh dari hasil kerja dicukai lebih taraf tinggi bila di bandingkan dengan pendapatan daripada pelaburan dan keuntungan modal yang lain.

 

Sunday, September 07, 2025

Labor Day And Respect For Workers As Well As Their Work

 Labor Day And Respect For Workers As Well As Their Work

M. Bakri Musa

September 7, 2025

The first Monday of September is an American holiday to honor workers. In his khutba on the Friday before Labor Day 2025, our Imam Ilyas reminded us of one of the central values of our faith, that is, respect for workers and appreciation for their work. He quoted the hadith of paying a worker “before the sweat on his brow dries up.”

            Imam Ilyas went further. If a worker were to do a hundred dollars’ worth of work, then pay him that much and not a penny less just because he is an illegal immigrant. Or in Malaysia, a Bangla worker or Indon maid.

            Labor Day notwithstanding, America’s public finance relies heavily on income tax, that is tax from labor, and is progressive. Islam’s zakat is on assets and with a flat rate of 2.5 percent. The burden is on asset owners (meaning, the rich), less on workers.

            This respect for workers and their work goes further. A story in the Sufi tradition has it that a famous ulama frequented his mosque in the wee hours of the morning to clean the washrooms. He purposely chose that time so as not to be seen by his congregants. Not that it would embarrass him, rather to spare his followers the shame. That story also reflects the nobility of labor such that even a famed scholar did not deem it beneath him to perform even the most menial task.

While respecting the essence, I have a different take on that legend. That is, the Imam had not found a way to remind his flock in the most benign, effective, and inoffensive manner to clean up after themselves! Observe the hordes performing tahajut prayers deep in the night. Few if any stay behind to clean up. Likewise, those doing fajar (dawn) prayers do not seize that opportunity to start their day early. Instead most return to sleep and squander the splendid opportunity or benefits of early rising.

An Imam here in America once reminded his students that in as much as he appreciated their presence and diligence, the people who pick up the street garbage in the early morning hours are doing more good to society, and thus serving God. That is putting things in their proper perspective. That also reflects the Imam’s humility in acknowledging the value of his contributions in the grand scheme of things! Our holy book, reemphasized by numerous hadith, asserts that the best amongst us are those who serve the community.

Contrast that to the certitude and arrogance of Malaysian Youtube ulama as they endlessly regurgitate the contents of their moldy texts, oblivious of the pressing issues plaguing their communities.

I once attended a picnic in a public park with Malaysian students here in America. Everyone picked up after themselves and deposited their garbage in the bins. Back home (meaning Malaysia) they would litter away with abandon.

            One astute student mentioned this to me. I asked him whether he had noticed anything unusual about the bins. They had been emptied earlier in the morning hours long before the picnic. Contrast that to Malaysian parks. Even on the rare occasions when those bins had been emptied, there would be residual rubbish strewn around. You might as well put up a sign, “Go ahead and litter here!”

            Malaysians have no respect for garbage collectors nor the crucial work they do. That is also reflected by their low pay.

            Social psychologists tell us of the critical role ambience has on behaviors. You would not dare enter the lobby of a five-star hotel barefooted in an apik-like sleeveless T-shirt even though there are no specific dress code signs. On his recent umrah, our Imam was horrified that the passengers, all from America, started to stand up and open the overhead bins as soon as the plane had landed despite the cabin crews’ repeated reminders to remain seated for their safety. Back stateside those passengers would have dutifully remained seated and belted until the plane had come to a complete stop and the seat belt sign turned off.

            Again relating to ambience, we should be aware of the “broken window” syndrome. When minor signs of decay, physical as with a broken window, or social, as with general littering, remain unaddressed, that would encourage more serious transgressions.

Back to paying a worker literally “before the sweat on his brow dries up,” obviously that would create monumental administrative costs and headaches. Hence biweekly or monthly paychecks. Nonetheless, the underlying principle remains:  respect workers and their work by compensating them fairly, union or no union. Alas, Labor Day notwithstanding, the American tax system does not reflect this. Earned income is treated far less favorably than passive ones as from investments and other capital gains.

Wednesday, September 03, 2025

Minda Segar Dan Minda Tertutup

 Minda Segar Untuk Tumbuh Berbanding Dengan Yang Tertutup

Petikan #20 dari buku saya, Qur'an, Hadith, And Hikayat: Exercises In Critical Thinking.

M. Bakri Musa

Terdapat dua perinsip ternyata bila belajar. Pertama, kita mempunyai jumlah neuron (sel otak) paling banyak ketika lahir. Sedikit atau tiada lagi yang akan ditambah selepas itu. Kedua adalah konsep minda atau mindset, yakni cara kita berfikir tentang diri kita sendiri, terutamanya bakat dan kebolehan kita. Minda adalah tanah untuk pembelajaran. Ada tanah yang lebih subur dan sebaliknya ada juga yang kurang sedikit.

Untuk belajar kita memerlukan pembentukan litar baru neuron, yakni sel sistem otak dan saraf. Lebih banyak kita belajar, lebih banyak litar baru yang kita cipta dan lebih mudah untuk kita mencipta litar tambahan. Tetapi jika kita tidak menggunakannya, ia akan layu. Litar baru ini masih rapuh kerana ia belum lagi terlindung atau di diperkuatkan. Rangsangan untuk itu adalah penggunaan yang kerap terutamanya pada fasa awal atau nahagian permulaan.

Oleh itu pembelajaran paling intensif adalah semasa bayi dan kanak-kanak. Inilah sebabnya kini kita mendedahkan anak lebih muda lagi bermula belajar. Di negara maju, pra-sekolah kini sudah menjadi satu kebiasaan. Dalam masyarakat kuno para ibu akan berkumpul bersama dengan anak mereka bermain bersama. Banyak pembelajaran (terutamanya berkaitan kemahiran sosial) akan berlaku pada waktu itu.

Dengan wawasan ini, sekolah kini memperkenalkan pendidikan dwibahasa di pra-tadika. Itulah masa terbaik untuk memperoleh kemahiran bi- dan bahkan multi-bahasa. Pra-sekolah lebih diperlukan untuk mereka yang kurang berkemampuan dari segi ekonomi dan pelbagai cara lain. Itulah cara paling berkesan untuk mengimbangi kekurangan-kekurangan tersebut.

Minda (mindset) adalah satu konsep atau fahaman yang muncul terlebih kemudian. Apabila kita manjadi dewasa, kita membentuk satu set keyakinan asas tentang diri kita dan dunia luar. Itulah mindset atau minda. Minda mungkin yang tetup (fixed mindset) dan tidak lagi bertumbuh atau segar dan ingin bertumbuh (growth mindset). Minda yang pertama mengandaikan bahawa watak, kecerdasan, kreativiti, dan sifat lain seseorang itu adalah tetap dan telah ditentukan dan tidak boleh diubah dengan cara yang bermakna. Mereka yang cenderung kepada agama dengan mindset tetap percaya bahawa nasib mereka telah tertulis dalam Buku Kehidupan mereka. Ia tidak boleh diubah atau diedit, yakni al qadar (apa yang akan terjadi, akan terjadi) bagi umat Islam.

Bagi mereka yang faham sains sedikit atau secara celup, minda tetap tergantung atas baka kita atau apa yang tertulis dalam kod genetik mereka. Anda juga tidak boleh mengubahnya. Walau apa pun, fatalisme seperti itu, sama ada tertanam secara agama atau tercetak secara biologi culup seperti ringkasan genetik moden oleh Readers’ Digest, adalah palsu dan terlalu mudah. Kedua batasan itu sukar diatasi.

Keduanya menimbulkan halangan besar kepada pembelajaran kerana kegagalan kemudiannya akan dijadikan alasan, “Sudah ditakdirkan saya tidak akan berjaya!” Begitu juga, kejayaan tidak akan menjadi matlamat tetapi pengesahan keupayaan semulajadi mereka. Akan ada sedikit insentif untuk melampaui dan meneroka sempadan baru.

Mereka yang mempunyai minda segar atau growth mindset tidak menganggap kegagalan sebagai peluang untuk melakukan yang lebih baik kali kedua. Kegagalan bagi mereka adalah cabaran, bukan penghakiman terakhir. Apabila mereka berjaya, mereka akan menetapkan matlamat yang lebih tinggi lagi.

Tingkah laku kita, serta bakat dan sikap terhadap pembelajaran, adalah berdasarkan sama ada kita mempunyai mindset tumbuh (maka terbuka kepada pembelajaran baru) atau mindset tetap atau tertutup di mana nasib kita telah ditetapkan oleh Yang Maha Kuasa, atau melalui gabungan kebetulan gen atau baka dari ibu bapa kita.

Indoktrinasi agama dan akulturasi budaya feudal Melayu secara kolektif melahirkan minda tertutup atau tertawan. Ini di tambah pula dengan kritikan kejam tanpa henti daripada pemimpin-pemimpin Melayu seperti bekas Perdana Menteri Mahathir dengan keyakinan “Orang Melayu malas dan rendah bakanya (genetiknya,) dan anda telah meletakkan beban berat yang tidak perlu dan juga sukar untuk dibatasi. Lebih teruk lagi, bagi orang Melayu mereka juga akan dituduh tidak 'mertabatkan bahasa kita' apabila ingin mempelajari bahasa lain, terutamanya Bahasa Inggeris.

Itu sama seperti beban minda atau psikologi yang dihadapi oleh orang kulit hitam Amerika yang belajar dan bercakap Bahasa Inggeris dengan betul. Mereka akan dituduh untuk cuba menjadi “orang putih.”

Fasih dalam bahasa lain, antara faedahnya ialah itu akan melengkapkan seseorang dengan kemahiran yang sangat diperlukan di pasaran serta lensa lain untuk melihat realiti. Tetapi para nasionalis bahasa kita melihatnya sebaliknya. Pelek betul!

Walaupun kita faham mendalam wawasan psikologi dan neurobiologi moden, tetapi masih banyak lagi yang tidak diketahui tentang pembelajaran manusia. Pertimbangkan cabaran dengan kanak autistik dan disleksia. Kemudian ada outliers, individu yang mempunyai masalah minda amnya tetapi mempunyai kebolehan yang jauh di atas purata dalam bidang tertentu, biasanya muzik atau artistik.

Mereka itu ini mengingatkan kita bahawa masih banyak lagi yang perlu kita fahami tentang otak manusia dan seseorang berkaitan dengan pembelajaran. Itu menjadikan label yang cuai dan kejam terhadap individu yang mengalami kesukaran belajar amat terkilan dan merosakkan.